• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to methods of breeding, storing or shipping mites. The methods include contacting a mite culture population with a succulent or one or more parts thereof; and optionally a food source for said mites.
    公开号:BE1021080B1
    申请号:E2014/0074
    申请日:2014-02-07
    公开日:2016-01-19
    发明作者:Felix Wäckers；Yves Arijs
    申请人:Biobest Belgium Nv；Biobest Nv；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METHODS FOR GROWING MUNS 20
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    Methods are provided herein for breeding, storing or dispatching mites such as predatory mites, which can be used in various applications such as for controlling crop pests.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    Plant pests such as thrips, spider mites and whitefly cause considerable damage to various crops such as salad vegetables, cut flowers and ornamental plants, resulting in considerable economic damage for growers and higher prices for consumers. Although plant pests can be controlled with the help of chemical pesticides, this is not always possible or desirable. Indeed, the widespread use of chemical pesticides can lead to health and environmental problems, and to the emergence of resistant insect varieties.
    Alternative methods for plant pest control have been developed, such as the use of natural enemies of plant pests. In particular, useful insects such as predatory mites are often used in agriculture for the biological control of plant pests such as thrips and spider mites. The predatory mites can be applied manually to the plants, via controlled release systems, or via other methods. Predatory mites also have applications in the field of pest control, other than crop protection, such as in the protection of animals, animal products or substances / carpets.
    Predatory mites are usually grown in mass breeding systems, where the mites are supplied with food sources such as spider mite, pollen, insect eggs, or artificial food compositions. The choice of food source is typically dependent on the types of mites that are cultivated. For example, Iphiseius degenerans can be mass-grown on castor plants (Ricinus communis L), which provide a continuous supply of pollen on which the mites can develop large populations. Other predatory mites, such as Amblyseius cucumeris, are easier to grow in large quantities, but are less efficient for controlling the trip.
    Especially when mites have to be grown on growing plants, this increases the costs considerably. Therefore, the use of such predatory mites is still relatively expensive compared to the use of chemical pesticides.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 2C
    Described herein are methods for cultivating, storing, dispatching or introducing mites such as predatory mites that can be used to control pests. The methods are based on the observation that mites can be grown surprisingly well on succulents. Accordingly, the current application provides methods for culturing, storing, shipping, or introducing mites, characterized in that these methods comprise grafting the mites onto a succulent or a portion thereof. More specifically, these methods may include contacting said mites with a succulent or non-reproductive plant part thereof.
    In specific embodiments, the methods include a breeding population of mites such as predatory mites, a succulent or one or more parts thereof, a food source, with or without a carrier material for said predatory mites, and allowing said breeding population to feed on said feeding source.
    Various types of food sources are considered in the methods described herein. In specific embodiments of the methods contemplated herein, the food source comprises plant pollen. The pollen can be obtained from the same or a different succulent, but can also come from a non-succulent. In certain embodiments, the pollen comes from a plant other than the succulent on which the mites are grafted.
    The methods are considered suitable for different mites, and more particularly for predatory mites. In specific embodiments, the mites include members of the Phytoseiidae family. In further embodiments, the predatory mites are members of the Phytoseiidae family. More particularly, methods are provided for breeding predatory mites of a genus selected from the group consisting of Euseius, Amblyseius, Neoseiulus, Iphiseius, Indoseiulus, Kampimodromus and Typhlodromus. In particular, the methods contemplated herein use plants from plant families selected from the list consisting of Sedum, Cactaceae and Apocynaceae, or combinations thereof.
    Various parts of the succulent can be used to grow, store, ship or introduce the mites as provided herein. The succulent leaves are used in specific embodiments.
    In the methods provided herein, it may be provided to provide an additional oviposition substrate for the mites.
    Also provided herein are compositions comprising a succulent or one or more non-reproductive parts thereof, and a food source for mites such as predatory mites.
    Also provided herein are compositions comprising a succulent or one or more non-reproductive portions thereof, and a population of mites. In addition, these compositions may optionally further comprise a feed source for the mites and / or a water source. In specific embodiments of these compositions, the food source comprises pollen and / or a sugar source.
    These compositions are provided for use in breeding, storing, shipping or introducing mites. This is important in the breeding of predatory mites for use in pest control, such as for controlling crop pests, such as thrips, spider mites, whitefly, and the like.
    Also provided herein are mite populations, such as, in particular, predatory mite populations grown by the methods described herein.
    The independent and dependent claims describe certain embodiments provided herein. Features of the dependent claims can be combined with features of the independent or dependent claims, if appropriate.
    The above and other features, features and advantages of the concepts described herein will become apparent from the following detailed description, which illustrates, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    Although they potentially serve as a guide to the concept, any reference sign in the claims will not be construed as limiting the scope thereof. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "an" include both singular and plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
    The terms "comprising", "includes" and "comprising" as used herein are synonymous with "including", "contains" or "contain", "contains", and are inclusive or open-end and close additional, not -not mentioned members, elements or process steps. The terms "comprising", "includes" and "comprising" when referring to said components, elements or process steps, also include embodiments that "consists of", said recited components, elements or process steps.
    In addition, the terms first, second, third and the like in the description and in the claims are used to distinguish between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order unless otherwise indicated. It will be understood that the terms thus used are interchangeable under suitable conditions and that the embodiments described herein may operate in a different order than described or illustrated herein. 2
    The values, as used herein to refer to a measurable value, such as a parameter, an amount, a duration, and the like, are intended to include variations of +/- 10% or less, preferably +/- 5% or less, more preferably +/- 1% or less, and even more preferably +/- 0.1% or less of the declared value, insofar as such variations are appropriate to one or more of the technical effects contemplated herein , to assure. It will be appreciated that any value as used herein is itself disclosed specifically and preferably.
    The mention of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers and fractions that are within the respective ranges, as well as the stated endpoints.
    All documents quoted in the current description are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
    Unless defined otherwise, all terms used in the concepts described herein, including the technical and scientific terms, have the meaning commonly understood by one skilled in the art. For further guidance, definitions for the terms used have been included in the description to better understand the teaching of the current description. The terms and definitions used herein are intended solely to assist in the understanding of the teachings provided herein.
    Reference in this description to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment 11" means that a particular feature, structure, or feature described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment contemplated herein. Thus, the use of the terms. " in one embodiment "or" in one embodiment "in different places throughout this description does not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, but it may. Furthermore, the specific features, structures or properties may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to a those skilled in the art from this disclosure, in one or more embodiments, Moreover, while some embodiments described herein include some, but not other, features included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are also contemplated herein, and form different embodiments, such as d will be obvious to the skilled person. For example, in the appended claims, any of the features of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.
    Described herein are methods for culturing, storing, dispatching mites and introducing predatory mites based on the surprising observation that succulents and parts thereof are particularly useful for this purpose. Accordingly, methods are provided herein for culturing, storing, shipping, or introducing mites, which include contacting a mite population with a succulent or plant part thereof. In specific embodiments, the methods include seeding a succulent or portion thereof with a predatory mite population.
    The term "introduce," as used herein in the context of introducing predatory mites, refers to introducing predatory mites on or near a crop, organism or object to protect against pests.
    The term "succulent" as used herein refers to a plant with thick, fleshy and swollen stems, leaves and / or roots adapted to a dry environment. As used herein, the term "succulent" also includes cacti (Cactaceae). Non-limiting examples of succulents are most members of the Crassulaceae, Cactaceae, Apocynaceae, Agavaceae, and Aizoaceae families. In certain embodiments, the succulent plant is a member of a family selected from the list consisting of Crassulaceae, Cactaceae, Apocynaceae, Agavaceae, and Aizoaceae. In further embodiments, the member is a member of a family selected from the list consisting of Crassulaceae, Cactaceae, and Apocynaceae. In certain embodiments, for practical reasons, a succulent will be chosen that is not a cactus.
    It has been found that succulents and parts thereof are particularly suitable as host plant material for mass-breeding mites such as predatory mites. These plants are furthermore found to be very suitable for sending, storing and / or introducing mites. It is noted that succulents typically require little maintenance and are highly resistant to dehydration, such that in some embodiments the methods contemplated herein will also result in a significant reduction in culture costs.
    The succulent can be used in its entirety. In specific embodiments, only a portion of the plant is used. It will be appreciated that as a host or propagating material, usually larger parts of the plant are considered, including the leaves, stems or roots. More in particular, the plant part intended for cultivation is not a reproductive plant part, more particularly not a pollen-bearing plant part, most in particular not a pollen. Indeed, as described below, the pollen from the succulent can be used as a food source, but the methods contemplated herein specifically relate to the use of the entire plant or a plant part other than pollen, as a culture substrate. The plant parts used in the methods described herein are typically plant leaves, stems and / or roots of the succulents. It was found that the succulents or parts thereof that provide the best results, typically these
    2C are plants whose leaves (and / or plant stems and / or plant roots) are relatively soft and where the wax layer on the plant leaves (and / or plant stems) is relatively thin.
    The methods described herein are characterized in that they relate to or are suitable for contacting one or more individuals of a mite population with a succulent or a plant part thereof. In certain embodiments, this implies that no other plants or other parts of plants, or more specifically, no other non-reproductive or unprocessed plant parts (of non-succulents) are needed or used. This can be interesting for methods where the use of ordinary leafy plants is impractical. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that combinations with other plants are possible in the methods provided and that in certain methods the use of non-succulent plants in addition to succulent plants or parts thereof may be advantageous in the methods provided herein.
    In specific embodiments, the methods described herein include culturing, shipping, and / or storing the mites on a plant portion of a succulent, for example, on its leaves. Although it is intended that the plant part can be provided as cut or chopped pieces, particular embodiments provide for the use of parts of the entire plant such as whole leaves, stems or roots. In a special embodiment, the plant part is a plant leaf.
    Unlike other leaves, succulent leaves usually dry out more slowly. In specific embodiments contemplated herein, the methods for culturing or storing mites, as described herein, are characterized by the fact that the plant material should not be replaced or not replaced within 7,10,14, 21 days or longer .
    The amount of plant material used in the methods contemplated herein is typically dependent on the plant species and mite species. Typically, an initial amount (before the increase in the mite population) of plant material is suitable which takes into account an area of approximately 1 mm 2 and 1 cm 2 per mite.
    The breeding methods described herein, also referred to as "breeding methods", are contemplated as being useful in breeding mites such as predatory mites. It will be understood that this means that, as a starting material, a population of mites is used that is a breeding population. The term "breeding" as used herein generally refers to breeding, reproducing, surviving and growing predatory mites, and includes the multiplication and increase of the population through sexual
    2C reproduction. So basically a breeding population is able to increase the number of individuals through sexual reproduction. Accordingly, the culture population intended for use herein may include sexually mature adults of both sexes, and / or individuals of both sexes at an immature stage of life (such as eggs and / or nymphs) capable of maturing into sexually mature adults. Additionally or alternatively, the culture population may comprise one or more fertilized females.
    Such methods are provided herein for culturing a mite population, comprising the steps of providing a composition (as described below) or environment comprising a succulent plant or a part thereof and further enabling the individuals of the mite population to on the composition or in this environment.
    Additional or alternative, for operations with or use of mites, such as storing, shipping and / or introducing mites, the use of a substrate may often be necessary and / or beneficial. Thus, methods are also provided herein which include a step of contacting a mite population with a composition or environment as described herein and comprising further steps whereby contact of the mites with the succulent plant or plant part is made possible. In certain embodiments, in these methods, contact with the succulent plant or its plant part will facilitate and / or promote further steps of the operation such as storage, dispatch, or introduction of the mites.
    The methods described herein are suitable for breeding, storing, transmitting, and / or introducing mites, and are intended to be particularly useful for breeding, storing, transmitting, and / or introducing phytoseiid predatory mites, i.e., members of the Phytoseiidae family. Phytoseiid predatory mites are widely used for the biological control of pests such as spider mites, thrips, and whitefly, especially in castles. However, the methods contemplated herein are by no means limited by the intended use of the mites and other uses thereof may be considered. In specific embodiments, the predatory mites may include members of the Phytoseiidae family.
    Some types of mites are known to require plant material for breeding. The methods described herein are particularly suitable for breeding such types of mites. However, current methods can also be used to breed other types of mites for which the presence of plant material is not essential.
    In certain embodiments, the predatory mites come from a genus selected from the group consisting of Euseius, Amblyseius, Neoseiulus, Iphiseius, Indoseiulus, ΖΌ
    Kampimodromus, Typhlodromalus, Phytoseius and Typhlodromus. These mites are generally generalist mites that can be grown using pollen as a food source, and can be grown particularly well by the breeding methods described herein. In specific embodiments, the predatory mites are of the genus Euseius.
    Non-limiting examples of species of mites suitable for use in the presently described breeding methods include Euseius stipulatus, Amblyseius cucumeris, Typhlodromus pyri, Amblyseius swirskii and Iphiseius degenerans.
    The methods described herein typically involve inoculating the succulent or a plant part thereof with a breeding population of mites. To maintain the mite population, a food source and / or a water source may also be required. In specific embodiments, the methods contemplated herein include providing a prey or non-prey food source to mites. (Predatory) mites can be grown on different food sources, including pollen, an (artificial) population of prey, such as spider mites, or other prey mites, insect eggs and / or artificial diets. Examples of breeding predatory mites on simulated populations of prey are described in GB 2393890, EP 2124573 and EP 2380436. Examples of artificial diets are described in US 6291007 and WO 2011/010308.
    In specific embodiments, the food source is or comprises a sugar source. Preferably, the sugar source may comprise one or more sugars or sugar alcohols selected from sucrose, fructose, glucose, maltose, trehalose, galactose, raffinose, mannitol, sorbitol. Optionally, the sugar source may comprise one or more additives such as a viscosity-increasing agent (texturizer) and / or a wetting agent (water-retaining agent). In specific embodiments, the sugar source comprises at least 5% by weight of sugar (s). The sugars can be provided as such or as a composition. The sugar source can be provided in solid form or as a liquid such as an aqueous solution or syrup. Growing, storing, shipping or introducing mites on succulent (parts) can be especially successful when the food source is pollen or comprises pollen. It is known that many predatory mites can be kept on a stock of pollen in the absence of prey.
    In specific embodiments of the methods described herein, it may be contemplated that the succulent provides a source of pollen. However, if the succulent does not provide a continuous supply of pollen or if the use of only non-pollen-bearing plant parts of the succulent is envisaged, the pollen may be artificially supplied. The choice of pollen is not limited by the nature of the succulent used in the culture system. In specific embodiments, the pollen is intended to be obtained from one or more plant types, other than that of the succulent used as a host. In specific embodiments, the pollen is from a non-succulent.
    Many plants are known to provide pollen on which predatory mites can feed. In specific embodiments, the pollen is pollen from cattail (genus Typha), because this pollen is relatively insensitive to humidity. Other suitable pollen includes, but is not limited to, pollen of cherry, apricot, walnut, hazel, birch, apple, pear, plum, almond, corn, Hirschfeldia incana, Mesembryanthenum, Ricinus communis, Malephora crocea and Brevipalpus chilensis.
    In specific embodiments, the pollen can be fresh. In certain embodiments, the pollen can be treated before it is used as a food source for the mites. More in particular, the pollen can be frozen and / or sterilized, for example via a treatment with UV radiation.
    The pollen or other food source can be made accessible to the breeding population by applying it to the succulent (parts). Additionally or alternatively, the food source can be applied to the carrier (see further). When the food source is pollen, the application of pollen can be carried out by dusting the pollen on the plants (parts). In certain embodiments, the pollen is provided via a pollen applicator, for example as described in US 2011/0162266. In the breeding methods described herein, the pollen is typically applied regularly, preferably with a frequency ranging from once a day to once every two weeks. In specific embodiments, the pollen is provided once a week. The amount of pollen that is added can depend on the type of pollen and the type of predatory mite. In general, an amount that varies between 0.01 g and 1 g per 1000 mites per week is sufficient. In specific embodiments, between 0.01 g and 0.5 g of pollen are added per 1000 mites and per week, for example about 0.05 g or about 0.1 g per 1000 mites and per week.
    The manner in which the nutrient source is provided to the culture population is not critical. In the methods contemplated herein, the nutrient source is provided to the culture population in such a manner that the culture population can further feed on the nutrient source. This will be explained in detail below.
    In specific embodiments, methods for culturing, transmitting, storing or introducing mites are characterized in that they comprise grafting a breeding population of mites onto a succulent or one or more parts thereof; and providing a food source for said mites. 2 (
    In specific embodiments, the methods contemplated herein include culturing, shipping, or storing the mites on a support. The carrier can be any fine material suitable to provide a carrier surface to the mite individuals and / or host plant and nutrient source, as provided herein. Examples of suitable carriers are light granular materials such as (wheat) bran, buckwheat chaff, rice chaff, sawdust, wood chips, corncob groats, vermiculite, and the like.
    The carrier may facilitate the uptake of the mites during breeding, storage and dispatch, and / or may facilitate the subsequent collection of the mites and / or their introduction to a site of interest such as a crop. In specific embodiments, once the culture population is large enough, part or all of the carrier (including the mites) can be collected and distributed as such for use, such as on an agricultural crop.
    To further facilitate the breeding of the mites in the methods contemplated herein, it may be important to provide a substrate for laying eggs (oviposition substrate) for the female mites. Thus, in particular embodiments, the methods described herein further comprise contacting the culture population mites with a (specific) oviposition substrate. Suitable oviposition substrates for culture mites described in the art are suitable for use in the context of the present invention. In specific embodiments, the oviposition substrate comprises or consists of fibers or threads such as cotton fibers or threads, or a fibrous material such as a fabric, or any hairy surface. Further suitable oviposition substrates may comprise open cell foam materials, which preferably comprise openings with a size between 400 and 800 µm. Fibrous carrier substrates or hairy plants may also provide the oviposition substrate.
    The culture conditions contemplated for the methods described herein generally correspond to the culture conditions known in the art. More specifically, the culture population is preferably kept at 20 to 30 ° C and 65 to 90% relative humidity. In specific embodiments, additional measures are provided to ensure the intended relative humidity. Thus, in certain embodiments, a (moist) hydrophilic material is provided in the vicinity of the breeding population of mites, the host plant material and / or carrier to help maintain a moist environment. Suitable hydrophilic materials include, but are not limited to, paper, hydrophilic gels such as polyacrylamide gel, or a fabric, such as a cotton cloth.
    In the methods contemplated herein, the culture population and succulent (parts), as well as optionally the nutrient source, water source, carrier, oviposition substrate, and hydrophilic material, are typically provided in a single volume, e.g., a container (also referred to as an arena), incubator, grow room or greenhouse.
    In specific embodiments, the intended methods herein include providing the succulent (parts) and culture population in a container or arena. In further specific embodiments, the methods include adding one or more of the following: a power source, a carrier, an oviposition substrate, and a water source.
    The container or arena can be of any type suitable for confining predatory mite individuals. It can be open or closed. The shape of the container is not critical and can for example be cubic, cylindrical, etc. In specific embodiments, the container has no fixed shape and may, for example, comprise a bag. The materials from which the container is made are not critical and may be, for example, one or more materials selected from a polymer (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and the like), glass, ceramic, wood, and metal.
    When closed, the container or arena may include means that facilitate exchange of metabolism gases and heat between the inside thereof and the outside, such as vent holes. To prevent individuals from the predatory mite population from escaping from the container, the ventilation openings can be covered, for example with a mesh.
    In specific embodiments, the container is adapted to the (controlled) release of the mobile stages of the mite in a crop. This is particularly suitable for introducing predatory mites. For example, the holder can be provided with one or more openings that can be opened and closed. Additionally or alternatively, the container can be provided with one or more small openings, whereby a continuous but controlled release of mites from the container is possible. In specific embodiments, the holder is dimensioned such that it can be hung in the crop via a hanging means such as a hook or a cord, or that it can be placed at the base of the crop.
    The present application further comprises compositions and devices, comprising a succulent (or one or more parts thereof) for use in breeding, storing, shipping or introducing mites such as predatory mites. More in particular, the plant part is a non-pollen-bearing plant part. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the plant or plant part contemplated in the compositions herein is an isolated plant or plant part.
    In certain embodiments, the device is a breeding device or transport device. The device can thus comprise a holder in which the succulent plant or one or more parts thereof can be provided and optionally one or more additional components 2C as described above.
    In certain embodiments, the device is a culture container that includes an outlet to allow at least one mobile development stage of the mite species.
    Such compositions or devices can be specifically adapted for use in breeding, storing, shipping or introducing mites and can thus comprise one or more components selected from a feed source for (predatory) mites, a carrier, an oviposition substrate and a hydrophilic material. In specific embodiments, the composition comprises a food source. However, the compositions need not include a food source, since it can also be supplied separately.
    More specifically, in some embodiments, the compositions or devices include pollen as a food source. More specifically, the food source may comprise pollen, preferably obtained from a different type of plant than the type used as the succulent or a part thereof. In specific embodiments, the compositions comprising a succulent or plant part do not include pollen on / from the plant.
    Such a composition or device can be used in the methods described herein. In specific embodiments, the compositions contemplated herein include a population of mites, such as, for example, predatory mites.
    Also provided herein are (predatory) mite populations, obtainable by the breeding methods described herein. A decent mite population can be used in the biological control of plant pests.
    Further provided herein is the use of compositions or devices as described above, comprising a succulent or one or more parts thereof and a population of predatory mites, and optionally one or more components selected from a food source for (predatory) mites, a carrier, an oviposition substrate , and a hydrophilic material, for pest control.
    Indeed, the composition described herein and the predatory mites obtainable by the breeding methods described herein can be used for the biological control of pests including, but not limited to, plant pests such as thrips and spider mites. In specific embodiments it comprises vermin trips and / or (spider) mites. In certain embodiments, the crop pests include thrips. Exemplary thrips include Californian thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) and Onion trips (Thrips tabaci). Exemplary mites include 2 (two-spot spider mites (Tetrancychus urticae), aphids (Dermanyssus gallinae), smoked ham mites (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) and dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus). facilitate predatory mites for use in combating any or all of these mites.
    The compositions and / or predatory mites can thus be used to protect any crop, organism or object for which biological pest control, in particular by means of mites, is desired. Exemplary crops include vegetable crops such as peppers, eggplants, cucumbers, melons, watermelons, grapes, strawberries, raspberries, ornamental plants (e.g., roses), or tree crops (e.g., apple trees, Citrus spp.). Examples of organisms include, but are not limited to, poultry, dried meat. Examples of articles include, but are not limited to, fabrics, e.g., carpets.
    Furthermore, the use of succulents for breeding mites is provided herein, more particularly the use of succulents in combination with pollen (obtained from plants other than said succulents) for breeding mites such as predatory mites.
    The following examples are provided to illustrate the present invention and are in no way intended and should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the present invention.
    EXAMPLES 1) Growing Euseius stipulatus
    A series of breeding experiments was performed to evaluate the suitability of a variety of succulents for breeding Euseius stipulatus mites.
    The culture experiments were carried out in plastic boxes with a ventilation lid. 17 g of sawdust was placed in each box as a carrier. Loose cotton fibers were placed on top of the sawdust as oviposition substrates. Succulent material was placed on top of the sawdust and the fibers. The following succulents, representing four different families, were included in the test: Crassula hobbit; Crassula sp. ; Crassula ovata; Sempervivum sp. ; Huernia sp. ; and Kalanchoe thyrsiflora. The amount of plant material was chosen to provide a comparable plant area for all plant treatments at approximately 25 cm 2. The succulent material 'J1 was not replaced during the experiment. A control experiment was performed without succulent material.
    At the start of the experiments, each box was inoculated with 200 mites (Euseius stipulâtes). The boxes were then placed in a climate chamber at a temperature of approximately 22.5 ° C and a relative humidity of approximately 70%. 0.1 g pollen from cattail (Typha) was introduced into each box once a week as a food source for the predatory mites.
    After 14 days the number of mites in each box was counted. The results are summarized in Table 1. The results show that predatory mites such as Euseius stipulâtes can be successfully bred on a series of succulents of different genera, but the yield can differ between plant species. It is furthermore clear that the presence of plant material is essential, since no reproduction / survival was seen in the control treatment without plant. Moreover, the method has the advantage that the plant material does not have to be replaced during the entire experiment.
    Table 1 - Number of mites obtained after 14 days
    2) Growing Amblvseius swirskii
    A series of breeding experiments was performed to evaluate the suitability of a variety of succulents for breeding Amblyseius swirskii mites.
    The culture experiments were carried out in plastic boxes with a ventilation lid. 17 g of sawdust was placed in each box as a carrier. Loose cotton fibers were placed on top of the sawdust as oviposition substrates. Succulent material was placed on top of the sawdust and fibers. The following succulents, representing four different families 2, were included in the test: Crassula hobbit, Crassula sp., Crassula ovata, Sempervivum sp., Huernia sp., And Kalanchoe thyrsiflora. The amount of plant material was chosen to have a comparable plant surface. for all plant treatments at approximately 25 cm 2 The succulent material was not replaced during the experiment A control experiment was performed without succulent material.
    At the start of the experiments, each box was inoculated with 50 Amblyseius swirskii mites. The boxes were then placed in a climate chamber at a temperature of approximately 22.5 ° C and a relative humidity of approximately 70%. Pollen from Lisdodde (Typha) was introduced three times a week (ad IMum) in each box as a food source for the predatory mites.
    The number of mites in each box was counted after 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks. The results are summarized in Table 2. No surviving mites were counted in the control experiment after two weeks. In general, an initial decrease in the mite population was observed in the other experiments, followed by a sharp increase in the population. The results show that the predatory mites Amblyseius swirskii can be successfully bred on a range of succulent species from different genera.
    Table 2- Number of mites obtained after 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    CONCLUSIONS 2C
    A method for culturing, storing, shipping or introducing mites, comprising contacting said mites with a succulent or non-reproductive plant part thereof.
    [2]
    The method of claim 1, comprising contacting a breeding population with mites; - a succulent or one or more parts thereof; and - a food source for said mites; and allowing said culture population to feed on said food source.
    [3]
    The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein said food source comprises plant pollen.
    [4]
    The method of claim 3, wherein said pollen is obtained from one or more plant species other than said succulent.
    [5]
    The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said mites are predatory mites comprising members of the Phytoseiidae family.
    [6]
    The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said mites belong to a genus selected from the group consisting of Euseius, Amblyseius, Neoseiulus, Iphiseius, Indoseiulus, Kampimodromus, Typhlodromalus, Phytoseius, and Typhlodromus.
    [7]
    The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said succulent is a member of a family selected from the list consisting of Crassulaceae, Cactaceae and Apocynaceae.
    [8]
    The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising contacting the mites with one or more succulent leaves.
    [9]
    The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising maintaining a culture population of said mites at 20 to 30 ° C and 65 to 90% relative humidity.
    [10]
    The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising culturing z of said mites in the presence of an oviposition substrate.
    [11]
    An isolated composition comprising a succulent or one or more parts thereof, and a food source for mites.
    [12]
    The composition of claim 11, further comprising a population of predatory mites.
    [13]
    The composition of claim 11 or 12, wherein said food source comprises plant pollen.
    [14]
    Use of the composition according to one of claims 12 or 13 for controlling crop pests.
    [15]
    A mite population obtainable by the method for culturing mites according to any of claims 1 to 10.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2764775A1|2014-08-13|
    BR112015019033A2|2017-07-18|
    WO2014122242A1|2014-08-14|
    MA38370B1|2017-04-28|
    MX361977B|2018-12-19|
    CN105188359B|2018-05-29|
    ES2557767T3|2016-01-28|
    EP3039964A1|2016-07-06|
    EP2764775B1|2015-10-14|
    US9992982B2|2018-06-12|
    MX2015010229A|2016-03-31|
    CA2899592A1|2014-08-14|
    US20150366177A1|2015-12-24|
    CN105188359A|2015-12-23|
    PE20151527A1|2015-11-21|
    MA38370A1|2016-09-30|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP13154327.4A|EP2764775B1|2013-02-07|2013-02-07|Mite rearing methods|
    EP131543274|2014-02-07|
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